References

Feeding Studies


  • "Effects of degrees of enzymatic cell wall digestion of the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, and feed extrusion temperature on astaxanthin availability in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss," Mette Sorensen and Bjorn Bjerkeng, AKVAFORSK, Sunndalsora, Norway, September 2006
  • "Pigmentation of Atlantic salmon, coho salmon and rainbow trout fed dietary Astaxin®. A statistical analysis of commercial farm data from Chile," Forsberg, Odd Inge and Trond Storebakken, AKVAFORSK, Sunndalsora, Norway, March 2002
  • "Pigmentation of salmonids with natural astaxanthin from Igene’s Phaffia yeast. Phase I: Assays in coho salmon," Astaxanthin Partners, Ltd., Columbia, MD, November 1998
  • "Utilization of astaxanthin from red yeast (Phaffia Rhodozyma) in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin by Atlantic salmon," Storebakken, Trond, AKVAFORSK, Sunndalsora, Norway, September 1998
  • "Effect of Dietary Phaffia rhodozyma on Atlantic Salmon Performance," Harrell, Reginal M., Steven G. Hughes and Renate Reimschuessel, Igene Biotechnology, Inc. and Maryland Industrial Partnerships, Columbia, MD, June 1998
  • "Use of Phaffia Rhodozyma to pigment farm-raised salmon," Romero, J.J., M. Oyarzun and E. Castro, Fundacion Chile for Igene Biotechnology, Inc., Santiago, Chile, September 1989
  • "Natural Pigments for Salmonid Feed: Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout via Phaffia Rhodozyma in Comparison with synthetic Astaxanthin and Canthaxanthin," El-Mowafi, Adel and Charlie Cross, Shur-Gain Research, Mississauga, Ontario

Stability Tests


  • "Effects of degrees of enzymatic cell wall digestion and extrusion temperature on stability of astaxanthin of the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma, during feed processing," Storebakken, Trond, Mette Sorensen and Bjorn Bjerkeng, AKVAFORSK, Sunndalsora, Norway, September 2006
  • "Color and Pigment stability on Rainbow trout frozen fillets fed Aquasta® natural astaxanthin," Astaxanthin Partners, Ltd., July 2005
  • "Stability of astaxanthin in Aquasta®," Hiu, Stephen, Igene Biotechnology, Inc., Columbia, MD, October 2004